The U.S. dollar traded in a muted fashion in early European trade Monday, with a U.S. holiday limiting activity as traders consider the chances of early rate cuts by the Federal Reserve.

At 04:35 ET (09:35 GMT), the Dollar Index, which tracks the greenback against a basket of six other currencies, traded 0.1% higher at 102.242, at the start of the Martin Luther King Jr. Day holiday.

Dollar faces quiet week

U.S. producer prices unexpectedly fell in December, according to data released Friday, prompting traders to increase their bets that the Federal Reserve will start cutting interest rates early this year.

Market pricing now points to a 78% chance that the U.S. central bank will begin easing rates in March, as compared to a 68% chance a week ago, according to the CME FedWatch tool.

The U.S. data calendar is pretty quiet this week, with the main focus being Wednesday’s retail sales. This will be closely watched for indications that consumer spending - a major driver of economic growth - is remaining resilient in the face of elevated interest rates.

Retail sales are expected to have risen 0.4% in December, after a 0.3% increase in November.

“We suspect that the data may prove insufficient to trigger a USD rebound for now; the consensus view of a dollar decline later this year seems to be making investors keen to sell dollar rallies,” said analysts at ING, in a note.

Investors will also have the chance to hear from several Fed officials including Fed Governor Christoper Waller as well as Atlanta Fed President Raphael Bostic and San Francisco Fed head Mary Daly.

Euro edges higher despite German GDP contraction

In Europe, EUR/USD edged higher to 1.0953, despite data showing the German economy, the largest in the eurozone, contracted by 0.3% in the final quarter of last year and shrank by the same amount over the full-year 2023.

"Overall economic development faltered in Germany in 2023 in an environment that continues to be marked by multiple crises", said Ruth Brand, president of the Federal Statistics Office earlier Monday. 

Still, despite this weakness, recent inflation data broadly confirmed current thinking at the European Central Bank, meaning interest rate cuts are not a near-term topic of debate, chief ECB economist Philip Lane said on Friday.

Eurozone inflation rose to 2.9% in December, from 2.4% in November.

GBP/USD fell 0.1% to 1.2738 ahead of a busy week for U.K. economic data, including unemployment numbers on Tuesday, CPI on Wednesday and retail sales on Friday.

“Services inflation is what matters the most for the Bank of England at the current stage and we expect to see it at 6.1% this week, considerably below the Bank of England's estimates. Despite the improvement in services disinflation, 6%+ remains too high and is unlikely to make the BoE endorse dovish rate expectations just yet,” added ING.

Yuan slips slightly after PBOC stays on hold

In Asia, USD/CNY rose 0.1% to 7.1735, with the yuan retreating after the People’s Bank of China unexpectedly kept medium-term lending rates unchanged, suggesting the PBOC has limited headroom to loosen monetary policy further and support the Chinese economy.

Fourth-quarter gross domestic product data, due on Wednesday, is expected to show that the Chinese economy grew more than the government’s 5% target for 2023. But the growth also comes from a low base for comparison from 2022.

USD/JPY traded 0.4% higher to 145.51, with the yen suffering from persistent bets that the Bank of Japan will largely maintain its ultra-dovish policy when it meets later this month. 

Japanese consumer price index data, due later this week, is expected to show a sustained decline in inflation.